REVERSE INDEX for INTERNET BOOK ON FLUID DYNAMICS CODE: SUBJECT: Preface Nomenclature Equation Number Codes A Fluid Characteristics Aa What is a fluid? Ab Fluid properties Aba Pressure Abb Density Abc Compressibility Abd Viscosity Ck Surface Tension Cn Contact Angle Ac Thermodynamics Aca Thermodynamic Variables Acb Thermodynamic Systems and Processes Acc Thermodynamic Laws Acd Perfect Gas Ace Saturated Vapor/Liquid Properties C Fluid Statics Ca Pressure Cb Fluid statics Cc Oceans at rest Cd Manometers Ce Atmospheres Cf Fluid static forces Cg Archimedes Principle Ch Stability of a submerged body Ci Archimedes Principle for a floating body Cj Stability of a floating body Ck Surface Tension Cm Pressure differences due to Surface Tension Cn Contact Angle Cp Meniscus Cq Capillarity B Basic Fluid Dynamics Ba Descriptions of Fluid Motion Baa Descriptions of Fluid Motions Bab Fluid Accelerations Bac Steady Flow Bad Derivation of the Relation between the Time Derivatives Bae Transport Theorem Bb Kinematics of Fluid Motion Bba Kinematics of Fluid Motions Bbb Illustration of Fluid Deformation Bc Conservation of Mass Bca Conservation of Mass Bcb Control Volume Bcc Macroscopic form of Continuity Bcd Differential form of Continuity Bce Continuity equation in various coordinate systems Bcf Integral form of Continuity Bcg Streamlines, Pathlines and Streaklines Bch Streamfunction Bcj Examples of streamfunctions Bd Newton's Law Bda Newton's Law of Motion Bdb Euler's Equations of Motion Bdc Euler's Equations of Motion in Other Coordinates Bdd Vorticity Bde Circulation Bdf Velocity Potential Bdg Bernoulli's Equation Bdh Energy Implications of Bernoulli's Equation Be Momentum Theorem Bea Linear Momentum Theorem Beb Example: Arbitrary Duct Bec Example: Fire Hose Nozzle Bed Example: Fire Hose with Bend Bee Connection between drag and a wake Bef Jet Engine Beg Rocket Engine Beh Angular Momentum Theorem Bei Example: Pump or Turbine Bf Steady One-dimensional internal flows Bfa Hydraulic System Analysis Bfb Viscous Losses in Incompressible Fluid Flows Bfc Viscous losses in pipes Bfd Viscous Losses in Fittings Bfe Diffusers and nozzles Bff Incompressible Flows with External Energy Exchange Bfg Turbomachines Bfh Turbomachine Design Bfi Turbomachine Performance Bn Unsteady One-dimensional Internal Flows Bna Introduction to Unsteady Internal Flows Bnb System Analysis Bnc Quasistatic Instabilities Bnca Quasistatic Stability Analyses Bncb Turbomachine Surge Bncc Ledinegg Instability Bncd Geyser Instability Bnd Unsteady Bernoulli Equation Bnda Unsteady Bernoulli Equation for a Pipe Bndb Manometer Oscillations Bne Dynamic Instabilities Bnea Dynamic Instabilities Bneb Cavitation Surge of Cavitating Pumps Bnec Condensation Oscillations and Chugging Bnf Time Domain Methods Bnfa Time Domain Methods Bnfb Wave Propagation in Ducts Bnfc Method of Characteristics Bnfd Turbomachine Dynamics Bng Frequency Domain Methods Bnga Frequency Domain Methods Bngk System with Rigid Body Vibration Bngb Order of the System Bngc Transfer Matrices Bngd Distributed Systems Bnge Combinations of Transfer Matrices Bngf Properties of Transfer Matrices Bngf Measurement of Transfer Matrices Bngg Some Simple Transfer Matrices Bngh Fluctuation Energy Flux Bngi Turbomachine Dynamics Bg Incompressible, Inviscid, Irrotational Flow Bga Potential Flow Bgb Methods of Solution of Laplace's Equation Bgc Gravity Waves on a Liquid Surface Bgca Separation of Variables in Cartesian Coordinates Bgcb Gravity Wave Boundary Conditions Bgcc Gravity Waves on an Infinitely Deep Ocean Bgcd Gravity Waves on an Finite-Depth Ocean Bgce Standing Gravity Waves Bgcf Gravity Waves at Vertical Boundaries Bgd Fundamental Singularities Bgda Method of Separation of Variables in Polar Coordinates Bgdb General Solution to Potential Flow in Polar Coordinates Bgdc The Free Vortex Bgdd Sources and Sinks Bgde Planar Rankine Half-Bodies Bgdf Planar Doublet Bgdg Planar Rankine Body Bgdh Potential Flow around a Cylinder Bgdi Cylinder with Circulation in a Uniform Stream Bgdj Lift and Drag in Potential Flow Bgdk Kelvin Ovals Bgdl Vortex Sheets Bgdm Images and Walls Bgdn Point Singularities Bge Methods of Complex Variables Bgea Cauchy-Riemann Equations Bgeb Method of Complex Variables for Planar Potential Flows Bgec Conformal Mapping Bged Joukowski Airfoils Bgee Flat Plate at an Angle of Attack Bgf Axisymmetric Flow Bgfa Axisymmetric Flow Bgfb Axisymmetric Flow without Swirl Bgfc Axisymmetric Flow with Swirl Bh General Equations of Motion Bha Stress Tensor Bhb Equations of Motion in terms of Stress Bhc Constitutive Laws Bhd Constitutive Laws in Cylindrical Coordinates Bhe Constitutive Laws in Spherical Coordinates Bhf Navier-Stokes Equations Bhg Navier-Stokes Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates Bhh Navier-Stokes Equations in Spherical Coordinates Bi Exact Solutions to Navier-Stokes Equations Bia Introduction to Exact Solutions of Navier-Stokes Equations Bib Couette and Planar Poiseuille Flow Bic Poiseuille Flow Bid Radial Flow Bie Vortex Flow Bif Rayleigh and Ekman Flow Big Laminar Round Jet Bih Category 2 Solutions Bj Boundary Layer Flows Bja Introduction to Boundary Layer Flows Bjb Laminar Boundary Layer Equations Bjc Exact Solutions to the Laminar Boundary Layer Equations Bjd Blasius Solution for a Flat Plate Boundary Layer Bje Falkner-Skan Solutions to Laminar Boundary Layer Equations Bjf Thicknesses and Surface Stress Bjg Development of Laminar Boundary Layers Bjh Karman Momentum Integral Equation Bji Approximate Methods Bjj Effect of Suction Bk Turbulence Bka Introduction to Turbulence Bkb The Development of Turbulence Bkc Linear Stability Analyses Bkd Stability of Parallel Flows Bke Amplification of Disturbances Bkf Turbulence Spectra and Scales Bkg Reynolds Stresses Bkn Computing Turbulent Flows Bkh Turbulence Models Bki Turbulent Couette Flow Bkj Law of the Wall Bkl Turbulent Pipe Flows Bkm Rough Pipe Flows Bkk Turbulent Boundary Layers Bl Stokes Flow Bla Introduction to Stokes Flow Blb Equations of Stokes Flow Blc Singularities in Stokes’ Flow Bld Slender body theory Ble Resistive Force theory Blf Planar Stokes’ Flow Blg Axisymmetric Stokes’ Flow Bm Unsteady Flows Bma Introduction Bmb Added Mass Bmba Introduction to Added Mass Bmbb Added Mass Matrix Bmbc Fluid Acceleration far from the Body Bmbd Values of the Added Mass Bmbe Added Mass for Joukowski Airfoils Bmbf Additional effects on the Added Mass Bmc Vortex Shedding Bo Compressible Flow Boa Preliminaries for Compressible Flows Bob One-Dimensional Isentropic Flow Boc Energy Equation Bod Speed of Sound Boe Isentropic Duct Flows Bof Choked Flow Bog Effect of Friction in Duct Flows Boh Shock Waves Boi Rocket Engines Boj Two-dimensional Compressible Flows Bok Planar Supersonic Flows for Small Deflections Bol Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Fan Bom Oblique Shock Wave Bon Compressible Potential Flow Boo Supersonic Potential Flow Bop Prandtl-Glauert Mapping Bp Open Channel Flow Bpa Introduction to Open Channel Flow Bgcb Gravity Wave Boundary Conditions Bgcc Gravity Waves on an Infinitely Deep Ocean Bgcd Gravity Waves on an Finite-Depth Ocean Bgce Standing Gravity Waves Bgcf Gravity Waves at Vertical Boundaries Bpb Finite Amplitude Waves Bpc Hydraulic Jumps Bpd Frictionless Flow Bpe The Effect of Friction Bpf The Shallow Water Wave Equations D EXTERNAL FLOWS AROUND OBJECTS Da Introduction to External Flows Daa Introduction Dab Forces on Objects Db Drag Dba Introduction to Drag Dbb Relation between drag and the wake Dbc Drag on a sphere or cylinder Dbd Vortex generators Dbe Form Drag Dbf Skin Friction Drag Dbg Wave Drag Dbh Effects of Rotation Dc Lift Dca Introduction to Lift Dcb Magnus Effect Dcc General Relation between Lift and the Circulation Dch Effects of Rotation Dci Ground Effects Dcd The Flat Plate Airfoil Dce Planar Airfoil Performance Dcf Finite Span Performance Dcg Aircraft Flight Dd Propulsion Dda Introduction to Propulsion Ddb Drag Propulsion Ddc Propulsion Efficiency Ddd Propeller Propulsion Dde Jet Propulsion Ddf Rocket Propulsion De Vortex Shedding Dea Introduction to Vortex Shedding Df Animal Locomotion Dfa Introduction to Animal Locomotion Dfb High Reynolds Number Locomotion Dfd Fish Locomotion Dfe Bird Flight Dfc Low Reynolds Number Locomotion Dff Prokaryotic Locomotion Dfg Flagellar Locomotion Dfh Ciliary Propulsion Dfi Internal flows and Mucus Propulsion E BIOFLUID MECHANICS Ea Introduction Eb Blood Flow Eba Blood Characteristics Ebaa Constituents of Blood Ebab Rheology of Blood Ebb Branching Networks Ebc Microcirculation Ebd Flow in the Heart Ebda Heart Valves Ebdb Ventricular Assist Devices Ebdc Artificial Hearts Ebe Flow in the Lungs Ebf Flow in the Kidneys Ebg Flow in the Brain Ec Laser Uses Eca Laser Scalpels Ecb Lasers Lithotripsy Ed Ultrasound Eda Ultrasonic Imaging Edb HIFU Edc Focussed Ultrasound Edd Ultrasonic Lithotripsy Ede Shockwave Lithotripsy Ee Nuclei Control Eea Cellular Manipulation Eeb Hyperbaric Oxygen K Fluid Flow Measurements Ka Preparation for Experiments Kb Design of Experiments Kc Experimental Techniques Kca Introduction Kcb Auto- and Cross-Correlation Kcc Least Squares Fits Kd Instrumentation Kda Introduction Kdb Flow Visualization Kdba Introduction Kdbb Flow Tracers Kdbc Particle Image Velocimetry Kdbd Optical Techniques Kdc Flow Rate and Velocity Kdca Introduction Kdcb Measurements using Bernoulli's Equation Kdcc Electromagnetic Flow Meters Kdcd Laser Velocimetry Kdce Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry Kdcf Vortex Shedding Flowmeter Kdd Pressure, Stresses and Sound Kdda Introduction Kddb Manometers Kddc Strain Gauges Kddd Pressure Transducers Kdde Acoustic Pressures Kde Forces Kdea Introduction Kdeb Force Balances Kdf Acceleration and Vibration Kdg Other Fluid Measurements Ke Some Facilities Kea Introduction Keb Wind Tunnels Kec Water Tunnels Ked Towing Tanks Kee Model Basins M Fluid Machinery Ma Introduction Maa Introduction to Fluid Machinery Mac Turbomachines Mad Cavitation Mae Unsteady Flows Mb Pumps Mba Introduction to Pumps Mbg Types of Pumps Mbb Fluid Mechanics of Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pumps Mbbk Introduction Mbba Geometric Notation Mbbb Cascades Mbbc Flow Notation Mbbd Specific Speed Mbbe Pump Geometries Mbbf Energy Balance Mbbg Idealized Non-cavitating Pump Performance Mbbj Four-quadrant Performance Mbbh Pumps in Parallel Mbbk Pumps in Series Mbc Two-dimensional Performance Analysis Mbca Introduction Mbcb Linear Cascade Analyses Mbcc Deviation Angle Mbcd Viscous Effects in Linear Cascades Mbce Radial Cascade Analyses Mbcf Viscous Effects in Radial Flows Mbd Other Flow Features Mbdb Three-Dimensional Flow Effects Mbdc Radial Equilibrium Example Mbdd Discharge Flow Management Mbde Prerotation Mbdf Other Secondary Flows Mbe Cavitation Mbea Introduction Mbeb Cavitation Parameters Mbec Cavitation Inception Mbed Scaling of Cavitation Inception Mbee Pump Performance Mbef Types of Impeller Cavitation Mbeg Cavitation Inception Data Mbew Cavitation Bubble Dynamics Mbeh Cavitation Damage Mbex Mechanism of Cavitation Damage Mbei Cavitation Noise Mbej Cavitating Pump Performance Mbem Inducer Designs Mben Inducer Performance Mbep Effects of Inducer Geometry Mbeq Analyses of Cavitation in Pumps Mber Thermal Effect on Pump Performance Mbes Free Streamline Methods Mbet Supercavitating Cascades Mbeu Partially Cavitating Cascades Mbev Cavitation Performance Correlations Mbf Pump Vibration Mbfa Introduction Mbfb Frequencies of Oscillation Mbfc Unsteady Flows Mbfd Rotating Stall Mbfe Rotating Cavitation Mbff Surge Mbfg Auto-oscillation Mbfh Rotor-Stator Interaction: Flow Patterns Mbfi Rotor-Stator Interaction: Forces Mbfj Developed Cavity Oscillation Mbfk Acoustic Resonances Mbfm Blade Flutter Mbfn Pogo Instabilities Mbh Jet Pumps Mbi Compressors Mbj Positive Displacement Pumps Mc Rotordynamics of Fluid Machinery Mca Introduction Mcb Notation Mcc Hydrodynamic Bearings and Seals Mcd Bearings at Low Reynolds Numbers Mce Annulus at High Reynolds Numbers Mcf Squeeze Film Dampers Mcg Turbulent Annular Seals Mch Labyrinth Seals Mci Blade Tip Rotordynamic Effects Mcj Steady Radial Forces Mck Effect of Cavitation Mcm Centrifugal Pumps Mcn Moments and Lines of Action Mcp Axial Flow Inducers Md Turbines Mda Introduction Mdb Types of Turbines Mdc Pelton Wheel Mdd Impulse and Reaction Turbines Mde Basic Fluid Mechanics of Turbines Mdi Two-dimensional Analyses Mdj Reaction Turbines Mdf Propeller and Kaplan Turbines Mdg Francis Turbine Mdh Cavitation in Turbines Me Fluid Couplings Mea Introduction to Fluid Couplings Meb Performance Analysis Mec Reversible Fluid Coupling Mf Propellers Mfa Introduction Mfb Propellers Mfc Performance Mfd Efficiency Mfe Propeller Cavitation Mff Propeller Cavitation Damage Mfg Cavitation Performance Mfh Dynamic Characteristics Mg Flow Valves Mga Hydraulic Valves Mgb Hydraulic Control N Multiphase Flow Na Introduction Naa Scope Nab Multiphase Flow Models Nac Multiphase Flow Notation Nad Size Distributions Nb Equations of Motion Nba Averaging Nbb Conservation of Mass Nbc Number Continuity Equation Nbd Fick's Law Nbe Equations of Motion Nbf Disperse Phase Momentum Equation Nbg On Disperse Phase Interaction Nbh Equations for Conservation of Energy Nbi Heat Transfer between Separated Phases Nc Interaction with turbulence Nca Particle and Turbulence Ncb Effect on Turbulence Stability Nd On the equations of motion Nda Comments Ndb Averaging Ndc Averaging Contributions to the Mean Motion Ndd Averaging in Pipe Flows Nde Modeling with the Combined Phase Equations Ndf Mass, Force and Energy Interaction Terms Ne Single particle motion Nea Introduction Neb Sphere Flow - High Reynolds Number Nec Sphere Flow - Low Reynolds Number Ned Molecular Effects Nee Unsteady Particle Motions Nef Effect of Concentration on Added Mass Neg Unsteady Potential Flow Neh Unsteady Stokes Flow Nei Particle Equation of Motion Nej Magnitude of Relative Motion Nek Effect of Concentration on Particle Motion Nel Effect of Concentration on Particle Drag Nf Bubble or droplet translation Nfa Introduction Nfb Dimensional Analysis of Deformation due to Translation Nfc Bubble Shapes and Terminal Velocities Nfd Marangoni Effects Nfe Bjerknes Forces Nff Growing Bubbles Ng Bubble growth and collapse Nga Introduction Ngb Rayleigh-Plesset Equation Ngc Bubble Contents Ngd In the Absence of Thermal Effects Nge Stability of Vapor/Gas Bubbles Ngf Thermal Effects on Growth Ngg Thermally Controlled Growth Ngh Cavitation and Boiling Ngi Bubble Growth by Mass Diffusion Ngj Bubble Natural Frequencies Ngk Nonlinear Effects Ngl Rectified Mass Diffusion Nh Cavitation Nha Introduction Nhb Cavitation Inception Nhc Cavitation Bubble Collapse Nhd Shape during Bubble Collapse Nhe Cavitation Damage Nhf Cavitating Bubble Shapes Nhg Cavitation Noise Nhh Cavitation Luminescence Nhi Cavitation Chemistry Nhj Vapor Explosions Nt Cavitating Flows Nta Introduction Ntb Traveling Bubble Cavitation Ntc Bubble Flow Interactions Ntd Experimental Observations Nte Large Scale Cavitation Structures Ntf Vortex Cavitation Ntg Cloud Cavitation Nth Attached or Sheet Cavitation Nti Cavitating Foils Ntj Cavity Closure Nu Free Streamline Flows Nua Introduction Nub Cavity Closure Models Nuc Cavity Detachment Models Nud Wall Effects and Choked Flows Nue Steady Planar Flows Nuf Some Nonlinear Results Nug Linearized Methodsn Nuh Flat Plate Hydrofoil Nui Cavitating Cascades Nuj Three Dimensional Flows Nuk Numerical Methods Nul Unsteady Flows Ni Boiling and Condensation Nia Introduction Nib Pool Boiling on Horizontal Surface Nic Nucleate Boiling on Horizontal Surface Nid Film Boiling on Horizontal Surface Nie Leidenfrost Effect Nif Boiling on Vertical Surface Nig Film Boiling on Vertical Surface Nih Condensation Nii Film Condensation Nj Flow patterns Nja Multiphase Flow Patterns Njb Examples of Flow Regime Maps Njc Slurry Flow Regimes Njd Vertical Pipe Flow Nje Flow Pattern Classifications Njf Disperse Phase Separation and Dispersion Njg Example: Horizontal Pipe Flow Njh Particle Size and Particle Fission Nji Examples of Flow-determined Bubble Size Njj Bubbly or Mist Flow Limits Njk Other Bubbly Flow Limits Njl Other Particle Size Effects Njm Stability of Disperse Mixtures Njn Inhomogeneity Instability of Vertical Flows Njo Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability Njp Stratified Flow Instability Njq Annular Flow Instability Nk Energy conversion Nka Introduction Nkb Disperse Horizontal Flow Friction Nkc Homogeneous Flow Friction Nkd Heterogeneous Flow Friction Nke Vertical Flow Friction Nkf Two Component Separated Flow Friction Nkg Friction with Phase Change Nkh Multiphase Flow in Pumps Nl Homogeneous Flows Nla Introduction Nlb Sonic Speed Nlc Sonic Speed at Higher Frequencies Nld Sonic Speed with Phase Change Nle Barotropic Relations Nlf Nozzle Flows Nlg Vapor/Liquid Nozzle Flow Nlh Condensation Shocks Nm Flows with bubble dynamics Nma Introduction Nmb Basic Equations Nmc Acoustics of Bubbly Mixtures Nmd Comparison with Experiments Nme Normal Shock Waves in Bubbly Flows Nmf Shock Waves Structure Nmg Oblique Shock Waves Nmh Spherical Bubble Cloud Modes Nmi Spherical Bubble Cloud Response Nn Flows with gas dynamics Nna Introduction Nnb Equations for a Dusty Gas Nnc Homogeneous Flow with Gas Dynamics Nnd Velocity and Temperature Relaxation Nne Normal Shock Wave Nnf Acoustic Damping Nng Linear Stability of Laminar Flow Nnh Flow over a Wavy Wall Nni Small Slip Perturbation No Sprays Noa Introduction Nob Ocean Spray Noc Spray Formation by Bubbling Nod Spray Formation by Wind Shear Noe Spray Formation by Initially Laminar Jets Nof Spray Formation by Turbulent Jets Nog Single Droplet Mechanics Noh Single Droplet Combustion Noi Spray Combustion Np Granular flows Npa Introduction Npb Particle Interaction Models Npc Computer Simulations Nps Wave Propagation Npt Effects of Vibration Npu Soil Liquefaction Npd Flow Regimes Npe Flow Regime Rheologies Npf Flow Regime Boundaries Npg Slow Granular Flow Nph Mohr-Coulomb Models Npi Hopper Flows Npj Rapid Granular Flow Npk Examples of Rapid Flow Equations Npl Boundary Conditions Npm Rapid Flow Simulations Npq Chute Flows Npr Heat Transfer Npn Effect of Interstitial Fluid Npo Particle Collisions Npp Classes of Interstitial Fluid Effects Nq Drift flux models Nqa Introduction Nqb Drift Flux Method Nqc Vertical Pipe Flow Nqd Fluidized Bed Nqe Pool Boiling Crisis Nqf Corrections for Pipe Flows Nr System instablities Nra Introduction Nrb System Structure Nrc Quasistatic Stability Nrd Turbomachine Surge Nre Ledinegg Instability Nrf Geyser Instability Nrg Concentration Waves Nrh Dynamic Instabilities Nri Cavitation Surge in Pumps Nrj Chugging and Condensation Oscillations Nrk Unsteady Internal Flow Methods Nrl Transfer Functions Nrm Uniform Homogeneous Flow Nrp Non-Cavitating Pumps Nrq Cavitating Inducers Nrt Bubbly Flow Model for Cavitating Inducers Nrr Cavitating Turbine Nrs Cavitating Propeller Ns Kinematic waves Nsa Introduction Nsb Kinematic Wave Analysis Nsc Kinematic Wave Speed at Flooding Nsd Kinematic Waves in Steady Flows Nse Kinematic Shock Waves Nsf Kinematic Shock Stability Nsg Compressibility and Phase Change Effects Nsh Batch Sedimentation Nsi Dynamics of Cavitating Pumps Nsj Two-dimensional Shocks O Numerical Methods Oa Numerical Methods Ob Boundary Integral Methods Oc Finite Difference Methods Od Finite Differences Example Oe Finite Element Methods Last updated 6/10/06. Christopher E. Brennen